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John Leonard (February 25, 1939 – November 5, 2008)〔Fox, Margalit (November 7, 2008) ("John Leonard, 69, Cultural Critic, Dies" ). ''The New York Times''〕 was an American literary, television, film, and cultural critic. ==Biography== John Leonard grew up in Washington, D.C., Jackson Heights, Queens, and Long Beach, California, where he graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School. Raised by a single mother, Ruth Smith, he made his way to Harvard University, where he immersed himself in the school newspaper, ''The Harvard Crimson'', only to drop out in the spring of his second year. He then attended the University of California at Berkeley. An acerbic leftist, Leonard had an unlikely early patron in conservative leader William F. Buckley, who gave him his first job in journalism at ''National Review'' magazine in 1959. There, he worked alongside such young talents as Joan Didion, Garry Wills, Renata Adler and Arlene Croce. Leonard went on to be Drama and Literature Director for Pacifica Radio flagship KPFA in Berkeley, where he featured a then-little-known Pauline Kael and served as the house book reviewer, delighting in the torrent of galleys sent him by publishers. He worked as an English teacher in Roxbury, Massachusetts, as a union organizer of migrant farm workers, and as a community organizer for Vietnam Summer before joining ''The New York Times Book Review'' in 1967. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.〔"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 ''New York Post''〕〔("History of War Tax Resistance – The 1960s" ). NWTRCC.org.〕 The paper promoted him to daily book reviewer in 1969 and made him the executive editor of the ''Times Book Review'' in 1971 at the age of 31. In 1975, he returned to the role of daily book reviewer, championing the work of women writers such as Maxine Hong Kingston and Mary Gordon. He was the first critic to review Nobel Prize-winner Toni Morrison and the first American critic to review Nobel Prize-winner Gabriel Garcia Marquez. From 1977 to 1980, Leonard wrote "Private Lives," a weekly column for the ''Times'' about his family, friends, and experiences. Leonard was a voracious critical omnivore, writing on culture, politics, television, books and the media in many other venues, including ''The Nation'', ''The New York Review of Books'', ''Harper's'', ''The Atlantic Monthly'', ''Esquire'', ''Playboy'', ''Penthouse'', ''Vanity Fair'', ''TV Guide'', ''Ms. Magazine'', ''Harper's Bazaar'', ''Vogue'', ''Newsweek'', ''New York Woman'', ''Memories'', ''Tikkun'', ''The Yale Review'', ''The Village Voice'', ''New Statesman'', ''The Boston Globe'', ''Washington Post Book World'', ''The Los Angeles Times Book Review'', ''American Heritage'' and Salon.com. He reviewed books for National Public Radio's ''Fresh Air'' and wrote a column for ''New York Newsday'' called "Culture Shock." He hosted WGBH's ''First Edition'', and reviewed books, TV and movies on ''CBS Sunday Morning'' for 16 years. Leonard taught creative writing and criticism at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. He told the story of Japanese author Kōbō Abe in every one of these venues. Leonard wrote extensively about television in his career – for ''Life'' and ''The New York Times'', both under the pen name Cyclops, for ''New York Magazine'' from 1984 to 2008, and in his 1997 book ''Smoke and Mirrors''. In addition, he authored four novels and five collections of essays. Leonard was co-literary editor of ''The Nation'' with his wife, Sue Leonard, from 1995 to 1998, and continued as a contributing editor for the magazine. He wrote a monthly column on new books for ''Harper's'' magazine and was a frequent contributor to the ''New York Times Book Review'' and ''The New York Review of Books''. Leonard rated highest among literary critics in a 2006 ''Time Out New York'' survey of writers and publishers. He received the National Book Critics Circle's Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006.〔("All Past National Book Critics Circle Award Winners and Finalists" ). National Book Critics Circle.〕〔("On Sandrof Winner John Leonard" ). February 2007. Book Critics Circle. (access by invitation only).〕 Leonard died on November 5, 2008, of lung cancer, aged 69. He was survived by his mother, Ruth, wife Sue, two children from his first marriage – Salon.com columnist Andrew Leonard〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 work = Salon )〕 and Georgetown University history professor Amy Leonard〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Georgetown University )〕 – and a stepdaughter, Jen Nessel,〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Center for Constitutional Rights )〕 who heads the communications department at the Center for Constitutional Rights, as well as three grandchildren: Tiana and Eli Miller-Leonard and Oscar Ray Arnold-Nessel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Leonard (critic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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